我国养老服务专业人才建设的挑战与应对策略——基于7省市平面数据的分析

The Challenge and Coping Strategies of the Professionals Construction for Elderly Care Service in China: Based on the Analysis of Panel Data in 7 Provinces

本研究选取了老年人口基数大、抚养负担比较重的北京、广东、江苏、湖南、河南、重庆和四川7个省(直辖市)为调研区域,采用了文献分析、访谈和问卷调查的方法,对养老服务人才中的管理人员、专业技术人员和养老护理员进行调查研究。调研发现,养老服务专业人才群体目前普遍存在专业人才匮乏、学历水平低、"招不来、留不住"、社会认同度与职业认同感低、参差不齐等问题。本研究提出,应加强养老服务顶层设计;完善养老服务体系,促进医养融合,把促进产业发展的政策优势转化为就业优势;优化养老服务生态环境,改善就业环境,增强养老服务职业吸引力;建立多层次、立体化的养老护理人才培养路径,创立老年福祉大学。

This paper selects 7 provinces fe of supporting the aged as the research areas, aturing large aged population base and heavy pressure including Beijing, Guangzhou, Jiangsu, Hunan, Henan, Chongqing and Sichuan. The methods of Literature review, interview and questionnaire are used to study the administrative staff, professional ＆ technical staff and nursing members in the group of professionals for elderly care service. The results show that several problems exist commonly in the group of professionals for elderly care service, such as the lack of professionals, low level of education, hard to recruit and retain, and the low level of social identity and professional identity and irregular levels of talents. This paper proposes that the top-level design of elderly care service should be enhanced, the elderly care service system should be improved, the medical treatment should be combined into elderly care service and the policy advantage should be transformed into the employment advantage. In addition, this paper emphasizes the optimization of ecological environment of elderly care service, the improvement of employment environment and the attraction of elderly care service employment. Lastly, the establishment of muhi-level and 3-dimensional professionals training program and well-being universities for the elderly should also be put on the agenda.