城镇化背景下中国基层社区灾害风险综合治理研究——以民政部与亚洲基金会灾害管理合作项目典型社区为例

Comprehensive Management of Disaster Risk in China's Rural Grassroots Community in the Context of Urbanization——A Case Study of the Typical Community under Ministry of Civil Affairs and The Asia Foundation Disaster Management Cooperation Project

社区治理是创新社会管理的当然内容和重要基础,风险防范和灾害治理可以作为社区治理的突破口,这就要深刻把握乡镇农村向城市社区转型的背景影响。近年来国家民政部与亚洲基金会共同合作,选择社区作为切入点进行灾害管理示范,这为中国基层社区灾害风险综合治理提供了有益尝试。我们把城镇化转型中的社区分为3种类型,其中的灾害风险管理实践各有特点。而界定社区相关利益主体行为、挖掘社区资源搭建共享平台、提高社区协议化水平是提高社区治理的共同要求。由此我们总结出我国基层社区灾害风险治理的一般模式,提出我国城镇化背景下的社区灾害风险治理要采取分类治理的办法,其中政府购买服务的方式应该进行重点尝试探索。

Community governance is the necessary content and the important basis of innovation of social management. Risk prevention and control can be used as a breakthrough for the development of community governance, which requires profound understanding of the background transition from rural township to urban community. In recent years, Ministry of Civil Affairs and The Asia Foundation work together, select the community as a breakthrough for disaster management demonstration project, which provides positive attempts to China＇ s grassroots community disaster risk comprehensive management. We divide the communities in urbanization into three types, and they have their own characteristics in disaster risk management practices. It is a common requirement for improve community governance to define the behaviors of community related stakeholders, to develop community resources, to build sharing platform, and to improve the ability of consulting with protocols. Thus we summed up the general pattern of grassroots community disaster risk management in our country, put forward that community disaster risk management needs to adopt the classified management under the background of urbanization, and the government purchasing service mode should be focused on trying to explore.