17、18世纪之交欧洲在华传教士汉语知识的传承与流变——基于梵蒂冈图书馆一份手稿的个案探讨

The Transmission and Renewal of Missionary Understanding of Chinese Linguistics at the Turn of the Eighteenth Century:A Case Study on a Manuscript in the Vatican Library

作为明末清初中西文化交流的重要媒介,传教士的汉语学习经验一向广受关注。本文旨在通过梵蒂冈图书馆所藏法国耶稣会传教士傅圣泽(Jean-Fran?ois Foucquet,1665—1741)入华之初居留福建期间的一卷私人笔记(编号为Borgia Latino 523),探讨这一代天主教传教士在华学习汉语的经历。通过对傅圣泽手抄的语法书、词汇表、会话教材和汉文书单的微观分析,对比同一文本不同版本的源流,并结合其本人及同时代传教士的相关史料,试图还原傅圣泽个人汉语学习的动态过程,并由此探讨传教士汉语知识的传承和流变机制,同时对比早期传教士,分析这一时期传教士基本汉学知识结构的特点与局限。

As Catholic missionaries were the principal mediators between China and Europe during the Ming-Qing period, their linguistic training has attracted much scholarly attention. This article examines this training process, through a case study of the French Jesuit Jean-Fran?ois Foucquet. Foucquet's personal notebook during his first two years in China(1699-1701) is preserved in the Vatican Library(stack number Borgia Latino 523). By combining three sets of data, namely 1) a micro-analysis of grammar, vocabulary lists, conversation guides and lists of Chinese books in Foucquet's notebook, 2) other extant versions of these texts, and 3) contextual materials from Foucquet himself and contemporaneous missionaries, this article explores Foucquet's initiation into China's language and culture. In doing so, it analyzes the modalities of the transmission of missionary linguistic knowledge during this period. In addition, by comparing these modalities with the experience of earlier missionaries, we also hope this article will shed light on the characteristics and limitations of the knowledge structures of Foucquet's generation of missionaries regarding matters of Chinese language and culture.