跨国公司、企业价值链与制造业产业结构

Multinational Corporation, Enterprise Value Chain and Manufacturing Industry Structure

本文以全球价值链为视角,使用增加值率衡量企业产品价值链,利用2006—2007年中国工业企业数据库,实证研究了跨国公司进入对中国制造业产业结构的影响以及相应的传导机制。微观计量实证结果表明,跨国公司进入对企业价值链,进而对制造业产业结构,具有显著的直接效应和不显著的间接影响;跨国公司进入对内资企业价值链不具有显著净影响,但通过研发溢出效应、高素质人员竞争效应以及产品市场竞争渠道对民营、非出口内资企业价值链产生显著影响;从不同背景的跨国公司来看,港澳台商背景跨国公司进入对内资企业价值链不产生显著净效应,但对民营、非出口内资企业产生显著正向研发溢出效应,在数值上超过了这两类企业自身研发对价值链的影响,而外资背景跨国公司进入对内资企业价值链净效应以及产生的研发溢出效应均不显著;分区域来看,跨国公司进入对各区域内资企业价值链净效应总体上仍不显著,但传导渠道却因区域而异,东部区域以高素质人员竞争渠道为主,中部区域以产品市场竞争渠道为主,而西部区域各渠道影响效应均不显著。以上研究结论对吸引外资促进产业结构升级的传统认识提出了质疑,这对当前我国引资政策的优化具有重要的现实意义。

From the perspective of global value chain, we use the added value rate to measure the value chain of enterprises, and empirically study the impact of TNC＇s entry on China＇s manufacturing industry structure and the corresponding transmission mechanism from the 2006 to 2007 China＇s industrial value chain. Micro econometric empirical results show that multinational companies to enter the enterprise value chain, and industry on manufacturing industry structure, has a direct effect and the indirect effect is not significant; the entry of multinational corporations has no significant effect on net domestic enterprises value chain, but through the development of spillover effect, competition effect and high-quality personnel of product market competition channel significant impact on private, non domestic enterprises to export value chain; from different backgrounds of multinational corporations, multinational companies to enter the background of Hong Kong Macao and Taiwan had no significant effect on net domestic enterprises value chain, but in private, non export domestic enterprises have significant positive spillover effects in the numerical research, more than the two kinds of enterprises＇ own development influence on the value chain, and the background of foreign multinational companies to enter the domestic funded enterprises in the value chain and the development of the net effect of overflow The effect was not significant; subregionally, multinational companies to enter the area of domestic enterprises value chain net effect on the whole is still not significant, but the transmission channel but varies from region to region, the eastern region to high-quality personnel competition channels, the central region in the channels of product market competition, and the western region of the channel effects were not significant. The above conclusions have questioned the traditional understanding of attracting foreign investment and promoting the upgrading of industrial structure, which is of great practical significance for the optimization of China＇s policy of attracting foreign investment.