适合机械化移栽的番茄穴盘育苗基质配方筛选

Screening of tomato plug seedling substrates proportion suitable for mechanized transplanting

以经堆制腐熟发酵的畜禽粪便和草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩为原料,按照不同体积比进行混配,形成育苗基质配方9个,进行番茄穴盘育苗,并采用移载机进行田间移载试验。通过测定配方基质的理化性状和番茄幼苗的出苗率、生长指标和散坨率,结合机械化移栽结果,以期筛选出适合机械化移栽的、以畜禽粪便为主的番茄穴盘育苗有机基质配方。研究结果表明:9个配方容重和气水比均在理想基质范围内,微偏碱性,能满足番茄生长需要;随着供试腐熟畜禽粪便含量的增加(体积比5∶5、6∶4和7∶3),混配基质的总孔隙度、通气孔隙度、持水孔隙度、阳离子交换量和N、P、K含量呈现下降趋势,容重、气水比、pH、电导率(EC)和有机质含量逐渐增加,呈上升趋势。当供试腐熟畜禽粪便体积为50%时,幼苗的株高、茎粗、叶面积、根冠比、根体积、壮苗指数等生长指标均明显优于对照和其他配方,其中腐熟畜禽粪便∶蛭石∶珍珠岩∶草炭比例为5∶2∶1∶2时,幼苗生长状况最优,钵体苗散坨率为5.56%,机械化移栽合格率为94.30%,最适合机械化移栽。

The composted livestock manure,mainly used as the organic substrate,was mixed with peat,vermiculite,perlite. Nine kinds of substrates with different volume ratio were formulated and used to cultivate tomato plug seedlings(Lycopersiconesculentum Mill). Then the plug-seedlings were transplanted by a mechanical transplanter. The physical and chemical properties of the substrate,emergence rate,the growth index of the tomato seedlings,scattered lump rate,as well as the results of mechanized transplanting were characterized. According to the above results,these nine substrates were evaluated comprehensively in order to select the appropriate organic substrate for tomato plug-seedlings suitable for mechanized transplanting. The results showed that the bulk density and air-water ratio of the nine formulated substrates were in the range of ideal substrates. The substrates slightly tend to be alkaline,which could meet the tomato growth needs. With the increasing of the composted livestock manure volume,the general porosity,ventilatory porosity,water retention porosity,cation exchange capacity(CEC),and N,P,K content of the substrate displayed the decreased tendency.While,bulk density,air-water ratio,pH,electric conductivity(EC) and organic matter content displayed the increased tendency. The growth and physiological indexes of tomato plug-seedlings nurtured with 50% composted livestock manure showed the better level than that nurtured by CK. The tomato plug-seedlings under the treatment of S7(composted livestock manure ∶ vermiculite ∶ perlite ∶ peat = 5 ∶ 2 ∶ 1 ∶ 2),showed the best growth level with 5.56% scattered lump rate,and more than 94.30% qualified rate,which was suitable for mechanized transplanting.