中世纪英格兰王室档案的认识与利用——以十三世纪的中书省卷轴为例

The Cognizance and Utilization of the Royal Archives in Medieval England:Taking the Chancery Rolls of the Thirteenth Century for Instance

以中书省卷轴为代表的王室档案是中古英格兰史学研究中必不可少的史料。在中书省卷轴中,重要的有"公函卷轴"、"密函卷轴"、"罚金卷轴"、"令状卷轴"、"特许状卷轴",其内容包罗万象,记录了政治、经济、外交、文化等社会的各个层面,囊括了国王、教俗贵族、中小骑士、普通教士等几乎整个社会阶层,对于我们了解当时英格兰的社会状况具有极其重要的史料价值。

The royal archives, for example the Chancery Rolls, are the necessary historical documents for the study of medieval history of England. Fine Rolls, Charter Rolls, Patent Rolls, Close Rolls, and Liberate Rolls are the important part of the Chancery Rolls. It covers and contains everything including politics, economy, diplomacy, culture, and so on. It also embraces almost all of the social classes such as king, secular and ecclesiastical aristocracy, knights, and ordinary clergymen. It is of great importance for us to know about the social conditions of England at that time.