2002—2016年黄河龙门站与潼关站水位及流量变化特征

Characteristics of Water Level and Runoff Variations in Longmen Station and Tongguan Station of the Yellow River in 2002—2016

为研究黄河龙门至潼关段的水情变化,对2002—2016年黄河龙门站和潼关站水位和流量数据进行分析,利用Mann-Kendall法检验其变化趋势和突变点。结果发现,两站年内水位和流量变化特点基本一致,龙门站丰水期较潼关站略长;过去15年两站平均水位、平均流量波动都小于年最高和最低值,两站水位都有下降趋势,其中:平均水位、最低水位通过99%显著性检验,而流量虽呈上升趋势,但平均流量和最高流量上升并不明显,Z值未通过检验;两站变化趋势突变点分析发现,平均水位和平均流量突变点都在2003年,最高水位和最高流量两站都在2003年和2014年,最低水位和最低流量均在2007年。由于地理位置不同,两站水情特点有一定差异性和协同性。

To study hydrological characteristics of Longmen-Tongguan river reach in the Yellow River, this paper analyzed wa-ter level and Runoff data of the two gauging stations from 2002 to 2016, Mann-Kendall method was used to test the change tendency and mutation point. It is found that though the annual average water level and runoff characteristics of two stations kept almost same, the high flow period of Longmen station was longer than that of Tongguan station; over the past 15 years, the fluctuations o f both av-erage water level and runoff were less than those of the maximum and minimum for both two stations, and water levels uniformly sug-gested decline trend. Average and minimum water level passed 99% significance test, although flow suggested rising trend, maxi-mum and average runoff rate had no obvious increase trend, and the Z value did not pass inspection; trends mutation point analysis suggested that the mutation point was the year 2003 for average water level and average runoff, 2003 and 2014 for highest, 2007 for minimum for both stations. Due to different geographical position, the hydrologic characteristics of two stations have certain otherness and cooperativity.