《史记》《汉书》关系新议

Study of the Relationship between Shiji and Hanshu

司马迁《史记》载录五帝至汉武3000年史事,勒为一书,共52万多字,开纪传体史书之先。班固《汉书》约80万字,记前汉一代史事,其中汉高祖至武帝太初以前,内容多据《史记》。今考《汉书》参考《史记》之篇章多达61篇,因此,《史》《汉》对读自《汉书》书成以后屡有出现。《史记》成书以后,流传不广,甚至因"微文刺讥"而号为"谤书"。至于《汉书》,极载汉之盛德,传习者众,评价似与《史记》迥异。其实,二书内容相同之处甚多,何以一为"谤书",一为歌功颂德之文?据二书互见之文,可见其中之《春秋》笔法,以及班固《汉书》之史家精神与微言大义。

Sima Qian＇s Shiji as the first work of annal biography records the history from the Five Emperors to the Emperor Wu of Han with 526,500 words. Ban Gu＇s Hanshu only records the history of Western Han with800,000 words. With the period from the beginning of Emperor Gaozu of Han to Emperor Wu of Han,Shiji and Hanshu recorded the history of Han dynasty by using the same materials. There are 61 chapters of Hanshu get reference from Shiji. After the appearance of Hanshu,there are some comparative studies on the two books. Shiji was not widely spread,and even it was regarded as a book which slandered the Han government due to its condensed words with deep meaning. Under the prosperity of Han dynasty,many people read and did research on Hanshu,so the position of it was totally different from Shiji. Shiji and Hanshu share many parallel passages but one is slanderous and the other is eulogistic. This paper examines the parallel passages in Shiji and Hanshu,and finds out condensed words with deep meaning and the writing skill of Spring and Autumn Annalare used in Hanshu,and it also demonstrates the spirit of Shiji.