稳定与嬗变:环境变迁下的政党适应性研究

Stabilization and Evolution——A study on the adaptability of political parties under the environmental changes

政党适应性是指政党在发展过程中应对环境所形成的调整适应能力,是在与环境的互动中后天获得的特性。这种特性包括两个层面:其一是"刺激—回应"模式,即政党被动根据环境变化,改变和创设新的政治体系以使组织存续;其二是"预测—控制"模式,政党可根据自身需求,主动培育新的政治话题,控制环境演进方向以适应组织的发展。政党适应性在不同阶段变现为不同的特质,是一种动态的适应性,政党适应性因政党起源、环境、文化的不同而差异明显。政治现代化对政党适应性提出了新的要求,政党必须主动回应挑战,但同时政党适应性也是推动治理能力现代化的重要保障。

The adaptability of political parties,the adaptive capacity to the environment in the process of development,is a feature acquired in the interaction with the environment in two manners. One is the "stimulus-response"mode in which political parties are evolved passively to establish the new political system for its existence. The other is the "prediction-control"mode. The political parties actively bring up new political topics according to their own needs and steer the environmental evolution to meet the need of their own development. The adaptability of political parties is a dynamic state for it varies in different stages and differs because of their diverse origin,environment and culture. According to the new demands of the political modernization for the political party adaptability,political parties should take the initiative to face the challenge and play a role of an important guarantee to promote the modernization of governance ability.