从基于样例的概念空间看构式交替——以“让”和“给”的被动用法为例

Construction Alternation:An Exemplar-based Conceptual Space of Chinese Passives with“Rang”and“Gei”

本研究采用多重对应分析方法,从基于样例的概念空间考察汉语中"让"和"给"被动用法的交替现象。研究发现:1)影响二者选择使用的主要因素为结构上的长短被动和语体因素;2)"让"和"给"的被动原型截然不同:"让"的原型为书面语语体中NP2为有生名词的被动用法,"给"的原型为口语语体中的短被动用法;3)二者被动范畴的概念空间有重合,说明二者范畴的边界是模糊的。在个案分析之上,本研究进一步讨论了多重对应分析方法在语言的近义形式、多功能形式分析中的适用性,同时也对该方法的局限性进行了说明。

This paper explores the near-synonymous Chinese passive constructions with rang and gei by using Multiple Correspondence Analysis(MCA).The method allows us to construct the conceptual space of the constructions on the basis of concrete exemplars.Our analyses showthat 1)long/short passives and genre are the two most important factors affecting passive construction alternation in question; 2) a prototypical rang passive construction refers to long passive with animate NP2 in written texts,while a prototypical gei passive construction refers to short passive in spoken texts; 3) the two categories display a significant overlap in the conceptual space,which indicates the fuzzy boundaries between the categories.We also go beyond the case study by discussing the application of MCA in linguistic studies from both semasiological and onomasiological perspectives,as well as some cautions and limitations of using MCA.