谁是世界文学：英语世界还是非英语世界？--以拜伦在英语与非英语世界的评价反差为中心

Whose World Literature Is It: English World or Non-English World?

拜伦在英语世界与非英语世界的评价差异巨大,在拜伦同时代的布莱克、华兹华斯、柯勒律治、雪莱、济慈等五位诗人中,英语世界的评价是华兹华斯艺术成就最高,拜伦最低;然而在非英语世界,拜伦却得到了远远超过其他五位诗人的赞誉,甚至其他五位诗人的影响相加都不如拜伦一人,而且赞美拜伦并受其影响的多是泰坦式的诗人与作家,包括德国的歌德与尼采、法国的雨果、俄国的普希金与莱蒙托夫、波兰的密茨凯维支、匈牙利的裴多菲、丹麦的勃兰兑斯与中国的鲁迅。当德语、法语、意大利语、西班牙语、丹麦语、波兰语、匈牙利语、俄语、汉语——全世界都认为拜伦是比华兹华斯更伟大的诗人,独有英语世界认为拜伦在六大诗人中垫底的时候,英语世界是不是就变成狭隘的而非世界性的了?

Critical appraisals of Byron differs sharply in the English world and non-English world. In the English world, among major Romantics in Byron＇s times, including Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Shelley and Keats and Byron, Wordsworth has achieved the highest critical acclaim, while Byron the lowest. However, in the non-English world, Byron has enjoyed far greater reputation, and possibly far greater influence than the other five put together. Moreover, most of the writers and poets who praised Byron and were influenced by him are Titanic characters, such as Goethe and Nietzsche from Germany, Hugo from France, Pushkin and Lermontov from Russia, Mickiewiez from Poland, Petofi from Hungary, Brandes from Denmark, and Lu Xun from China. Given such a great difference between the English world and the non-English world on Byron, it seems that the English world just offers a part rather than the whole of the picture. Therefore, the question is： whose literature is it when we talk about world literature？