关中地区龙山时代灰坑初步研究

A Preliminary Study of the Longshan Period Ash-pits in the Guanzhong Region

灰坑是新石器时代遗址中最常见的遗迹。以往研究者多关注于其中的遗物,而较少关注遗迹本身。通过对灰坑数量、容积的统计分析,发现与龙山早期不同,龙山晚期关中地区袋状灰坑容积明显缩小而数量增多。结合龙山时代陶器、居住形式等一系列的变化,初步认为,龙山晚期关中地区袋状灰坑数量、容积的变化可能与当时社会基本生产单位规模大小的变化有关,即基本生产单位的规模存在较明显的缩小趋势,当时个体家庭可能已为成为社会生产的主体。

Pits is the most common remains in Neolithic site. Many researchers focus more attentions on relics from pits, and less concerned about remains itself. On the basis of statistical analysis about the number and volume of pits, the author/bund that, compared with the Early Longshan, Late Longshan pouch pits volume was significantly reduced, but increasing the number in Guanzhong basin. Combined a series of changes in pottery and residence form during Longshan period, we conclude that changes of number and volume about pouch pits is related with changes of the scale of basic sociat production units, namely, that is the scale of basic production unit exist obvious narrowing phenomenon, at that time individual families may have to become the subject of social production.