表格显示涂色方式对视觉搜索的影响研究

Research on Influence of Color Patterns of Table on Users' Visual Search

目的对指控舱显控台显示界面表格工效学设计进行研究,探索颜色组合、涂色方向(横向、纵向)、间隔数量(单、双)对辨识绩效的影响,为指控舱人机界面设计提供工效学依据。方法设计视觉搜索程序,模拟表格信息的检索过程,记录反应时间及正确率,并运用眼动追踪技术得到兴趣区域注视时间比率和注视点数。对反应时间及正确率进行多维交互效应方差分析、单因素方差分析等。结果双色颜色组合表格反应时间比单色、三色短;颜色组合对反应时间影响显著;横向涂色比纵向涂色反应时间快;间隔数量对反应时间和正确率均未有显著影响,但眼动实验分析表明单间隔表格的认知负荷较低。结论在指控舱的表格显示界面设计时,应尽量选用单间隔黄&绿横向涂色的表格,并且要兼顾界面中其它部分的颜色。

Objective Three factors intable ergonomic design including the color grouping,the coloring orientation（horizontal versus vertical）,and the interval number were studied to provide reference for the ergonomic design of the man-machine interface in the command and control square. Methods A visual searching program was designed to simulate the procedure of information retrieval of the table. Reaction time and accuracy were recorded,and eye tracking technique was used to get dwell time ratio and the fixation count. The analyses such as the three factors variance analysis,the single factor analysis of variance were conducted on the experimental data. Results Two-color table had the shortest reaction time as compared with the single-color and three-color; color grouping had a significant influence on the reaction time; the reaction time of horizontal coloring table was shorter than the vertical coloring table; the interval number had no significant influence on the reaction time and the accuracy,but the cognitive load of the single interval was lower. Conclusion Therefore,the table with yellow green having single horizontal interval or double horizontal intervals is better to be used in the design of operating and controlling interface,and the consideration should be given to the colors of other regions of the interface.