2013-2015年上海12岁本地与外来学生龋病及干预状况的研究

Comparison of caries and sealants between Shanghai native and migrant 12-year-old students from 2013 to 2015

目的·比较2013—2015年上海12岁本地学生与外来学生患龋率、窝沟封闭率和龋齿充填构成比的差异。方法·2013—2015年,采取整群随机抽样的方法,每年分别抽取上海市17个区县的12岁学生纳入研究,参照《世界卫生组织口腔健康调查标准(第4版)》,统计学生全口恒牙的患龋率、龋失补牙数(DMFT)、龋齿充填构成比、充填需要率、窝沟封闭率等,并采用Mann-Whitney U检验和χ~2检验分析本地和外来学生DMFT、患龋率、窝沟封闭率、龋齿充填构成比、充填需要率是否存在差异。结果·研究共纳入了上海各区2 500名12岁学生,其中36.8%为外来学生。研究期间,本地学生和外来学生的患龋率和DMFT差异无统计学意义。2013年和2015年,外来学生的窝沟封闭率均显著低于本地学生(0.8%vs 6.6%,3.0%vs 9.9%)。2015年,外来学生的充填需要率显著高于本地学生(60.5%vs 46.4%)。结论·2013—2015年上海12岁本地与外来学生的患龋率和DMFT没有显著差异。尽管本地和外来学生均可在学校享受免费的口腔公共卫生服务,12岁外来学生的窝沟封闭率和龋齿充填构成比低于本地学生。

Objective·To compare the caries prevalence, unmet restoration needs and sealant prevalence between Shanghai 12-year-old native and migrant students from 2013 to 2015. Methods·From 2013 to 2015, a random cluster sample of 12-year-old native and migrant students was selected from each district in Shanghai. World Health Organization （WHO） indices were used to assess decayed-missing-filled teeth of permanent dentition （DMFT）. The prevalence of caries and sealants, caries filling rate, unmet dental restoration needs and the value of DMFT were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and chi-squared test. Results·A total of 2500 students were examined from 2013 to 2015, among which 36.8% were migrants. There was no significant difference in caries prevalence and DMFT value between native and migrant students from 2013 to 2015. Sealant prevalence of migrants was significantly lower than that of natives in 2013 （0.8% vs 6.6%） and 2015 （3.0% vs 9.9%）. Unmet restoration needs of migrants were significantly higher than those of natives in 2015 （60.5% vs 46.4%）. Conclusion·There was no significant difference in caries prevalence between 12-year-old native and migrant students in Shanghai from 2013 to 2015. But there were lower sealants and higher unmet restoration needs in 12-year-old migrant students than their native counterparts, even though free public dental health services were available to both groups.