制度与权势——东汉宦官擅权道路上的制度建设

System and Power——The Eunuchs' System Construction to Arrogate Power to Themselves in the Eastern Han Dynasty

东汉是我国历史上第一个深受宦官专权之害的王朝。东汉宦官利用皇帝早崩、新帝年幼、母后垂帘听政的政治形势专权擅政,并通过一系列的制度建设将其权力合法化,进而传诸后代。其制度建设包括阉人专任内廷官职,排除士人;新增宦官机构,添设宦官官职、员额;加赠官号,例封宦者为侯;父兄子弟出任朝官;娶妻妾,养子嗣爵等。这对后世产生了恶劣的影响。

The Eastern Han Dynastyis the first dynasty which is whipsawed by eunuchs＇dictatorship deeply. The eunuchs took advantage of the emperors passing away early, the new emperors being young , the empress dowagers attending to state affairs behind the curtain to arrogate power and rend authority legitimate by system constructions. Then they passed down these changes to their offspring. Their system construction included the spadossecuring the official positions in imperial palaceregularly,excluding scholars, aggrandizing eunuchs＇institutions, adding positions and numbers, being conferred a rank of nobility becoming routine, the immediate family memberssecuring official positions, taking wives and permitting their adopted sons to inherit the titles.It made a bad influence on later generations.