清代卫所裁并研究综述

Review of Research on Abolition and Merger of Wei-suo System in Qing Dynasty

卫所是明朝主要的军事制度,明中后期开始"民化"。入清以后,清政府逐步对其进行改制和裁并。学界对清代卫所制度的研究著述颇丰,但现有研究多集中于区域性的局部探讨或个案层面的微观分析,缺乏全国层面与贯穿整个清代的宏观研究以及整体的理论概括。对于清代卫所裁并府厅州县的数量统计及具体卫所的列举上,虽然也有一些先行研究成果,但这些研究大多集中于少数几个史料记载比较丰富的区域和时段,重复研究较多,而对于其他一些卫所裁并资料相对欠缺的地区和时段则少有问津。因而从全国范围和整体角度来看,这些数量统计都不彻底和完整。未来,需要更多的宏观研究,通过研究清朝裁并卫所的整个过程,分析中央与地方对待卫所裁并的不同态度,探讨其对于清朝的行政区划、行政管理、财政税收、屯田经济、文化教育、边疆发展和民族融合等产生的影响,评价其整体的意义。

affairs of Ming Wei-suo system was the main military institution and played an important role in national military dynasty In the middle and late periods of Ming Dynasty, the military capacity of wei-suo system gradually faded out. After Qing dynasty replaced Ming dynasty, Qing government gradually adjusted and reformed wei-suo system, some wei and suo were abolished, some were merged together, and some were changed into prefectures, states and counties. The academia have done a lot of research on the wei-suo system in Qing dynasty, however, most of the current studies are mainly focus on regional or partial case studies, lacking of national and macro research throughout the whole time as well as the overall theoretical summary. As for the number and detail of wei and suo being abolished and merged, although there are some previous research, while most of these studies repeat each other and only focus on a few areas and periods which are relatively rich in historical records, but for some other areas and periods which are lack in research resources get very little attention. Therefore, from a national and holistic perspective, these statistics and research are incomplete and imperfect. In the future more macro research is needed, by the study on the whole process of abolition and merger of wei-suo system in Qing dynasty, to analyze the different attitudes between the central and local governments, to discuss the impact on the administrative division, government management, national economy and taxation, culture and education, frontier development as well as the ethnic integration, finally to evaluate its overall influence and significance in Qing dynasty