精神科工作场所暴力对护士心理健康的影响

The effect of workplace violence on nurses' mental health in psychiatric department

目的 :调查精神科护士遭受工作场所暴力的现状和特点,分析精神科工作场所暴力发生的影响因素,以及工作场所暴力对护士心理健康的影响。方法 :采用医院工作场所暴力调查表和症状自评量表(SCL-90),对某三级精神科专科医院140名精神科临床一线护士进行调查。结果 :精神科工作场所暴力发生率为80.7%。Logistic多因素分析发现,女护士、低能级、低年龄是医院暴力发生的危险因素。遭受工作场所暴力组的护士更易出现心理健康问题,在人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、躯体化等维度的得分比较高(P<0.05)。结论 :精神科护士工作场所暴力发生率较高,遭受工作场所暴力组护士的心理健康水平较未遭受工作场所暴力组的护士低,需要给予综合干预策略,降低工作场所暴力发生率,改善护士的心理状况。

Objective： To describe the current status and characteristics of workplace violence on psychiatric nurses, explore the influencing factors of workplace violence and its influence on the mental health of nurses. Methods： One hundred and forty psychiatric nurses were recruited from a general hospital. They were investigated with the hospital workplace violence questionnaire and symptom checklist-90 （SCL-90）. Results： The incidence rate of workplace violence in psychiatric department was 80.7%. Logistic multivariate analysis found that female, low nursing level and younger were the risk factors of hospital violence. Nurses who were exposed to workplace violence were more likely to have mental health problems. Nurses had higher scores in interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, fear, somatization （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： The incidence rate of workplace violence was higher in psychiatric nurses and the mental health status of nurses suffering from workplace violence was low. Comprehensive intervention strategies should be taken to reduce the incidence of workplace violence and improve the psychological status of nurses.