制造商对供方缺陷改善投资的双源采购决策研究

Dual-sourcing procurement decisions in the presence of manufacturers' investment in suppliers' quality defect improvement

研究在供需均随机的情况下,面对供应原料存在质量差异的两个供应商,制造商考虑对供方进行缺陷改善投资的双源采购决策问题.构建了制造商将高质量(缺陷率低)供应商作为缺陷改善低质量(缺陷率高)供应商的标杆,以求两供应商质量一致的双源采购决策模型.获得了制造商在先改善投资后订货与同时改善投资和订货两种策略下最优订货量,供应商最优生产量与他们的最优利润.分析了改善投资成功率对制造商订货量与利润的影响.研究发现:当改善投资成功率小于1时,先改善投资再订货时制造商利润比同时改善投资和订货时高;而改善投资成功率为1时,两种订货策略没有差异.

Considering the uncertainty in supply and demand, as well as the quality differences of purchased products from two suppliers, this paper investigates dual-sourcing decisions with defect improvement investment in suppliers＇ product. In this paper, a high quality （low defect rate） supplier is set as a benchmark for quality defect improvement, and the manufacturer decides the purchasing policies based on two scenarios ： （ 1 ） purchasing after defect improvement, （2） simultaneously purchasing and investing in defect improvement. The differences of the two scenarios are compared. The impacts of success rate of quality defect improvement investments on the order quantities and the profit of the manufacturer are analyzed. The results indicate that when the success rate is less than 1, the profit of the manufacturer in the first scenario （ purchasing after defect improvement） is higher than that in the second scenario （simultaneously purchasing and investing in defect improvement）. When the success rate is equal to 1, there is no difference in the manufacturer＇ s profits in the two scenarios.