不同植烟模式对土壤有机质和细菌数量及酶活性的影响

Effects of Cropping Patterns on Soil Organic Matter,Bacterial Number and Enzyme Activities

通过连续3年的田间定位试验,对济源烟区白菜制种接茬烟田与冬闲连作烟田和轮作烟田进行了比较,分析了土壤有机质含量、细菌数量及酶活性(土壤淀粉酶、蔗糖酶和纤维素酶)等土壤健康相关指标,并调查了相应的烤烟植物学性状和根茎病害发病情况。结果表明,接茬烟田和连作烟田的土壤除成熟期的蔗糖酶之外,其他上述土壤健康相关指标多数显著低于轮作烟田;与连作烟田相比,接茬烟田土壤蔗糖酶、淀粉酶活性各时期低于连作烟田,仅团棵期时土壤有机质含量、细菌数量和纤维素酶活性稍高于连作烟田;接茬烟田与连作烟田无显著差异,其植物学性状差,烟草黑胫病、根黑腐病和根结线虫病发病重,而轮作烟田烟株发育好,根茎病害发病轻。综合评价认为,白菜制种接茬烟田和冬闲连作烟田土壤均处于亚健康状态。为了改善白菜制种田接茬烟草的品质和抗性,修复接茬烟田土壤健康是非常必要的。

A 3-year fixed field experiment in Jiyuan tobacco production area was carried out to compare the soil health of tobacco field from different cropping systems,including continuous cropping tobacco, tobacco follow-up chinese cabbage seed production and crop-roation tobacco. Some soil hea]threlated indicators including soil organic matter content, soil bacterial number and activity of soil amylase, invertase, cellulase, as well as the corresponding botanic traits and occurence of soil-bornediseases were investigated. The results showed that most of the soil healthrelated indicators of follow-up tobacco and continuous cropping tobacco were significantly lower than crop-roationtobacco, except the mature period of sucrose. Compared with continuous cropping tobacco,the soil invertase and amylase of follow-up tobaccowere lower than the continuous cropping tobacco field in each period ,while only soil organic carbon content ,the number of bacteria and cellulase activity increased slightly in the group stage. The botany characters offollow-up tobacco whose performance was similar to continuous cropping tobacco were poor, and the tobacco root knot nematode disease, black shank and root black rot disease incidence was serious,while tobacco plant had better traits and lighter rhizome diseases occurrence.According to consider comprehensively,each soil of follow-up tobacco and continuous cropping tobacco are in sub-healthy state. In order to improve the quality and resistance of follow-up tobacco, it is necessary to repair the follow-up tobacco soil health.