典型的翻转与再翻转——以太行劳模张老太为考察对象

The Reversal and Re-reversal of Models——A case study of Granny Zhang,a model worker in Taihang district

抗日根据地典型的树立,是以翻转传统乡村经济环境和社会政治关系为前提的,这样的翻转,是国家政策、制度以及社会动员的产物。20世纪50年代以来,典型的树立与推广依然是重要的政治策略。文章采用"宏观历史与微观变迁"相结合的分析方法,以根据地时期的"正面典型"翻转到"农业学大寨"时期的"反面典型",既而在20世纪70年代末期再翻转为"劳动英雄"的山西省昔阳县刀把口村张老太为考察对象。在展现集体化时期国家、村庄、典型三者之间复杂关系的同时,也对"树典型"这样的治理术及其实践逻辑进行了反思。

The establishment of models in the anti-Japanese bases is on the premise of the reversal of the economic environment and politic relationships in rural areas,and this reversal is the fruit of the combination of state policy,mechanisms,and social mobilization. Since 1950 s,setting up and promotion of models has been an important political strategy.Combining the ＂macro history＂and ＂micro changes＂strategies,this article took as the object of investigation the case of Granny Zhang,who lived in Daobakou Village in Xiyang County in Shanxi Province,and were reversed from a ＂positive model＂in the anti-Japanese to a ＂negative example＂in the period of ＂emulating Dazhai on agriculture＂,and then re-reversed to a ＂ model worker＂ in the late 1970 s,and revealed the complex relationships among the state,village and the models; in the same time,it also reconsidered the governmentality of ＂ setting up models＂ and its logic behind the practice.