1950-2015年源城区疟疾流行特征与防控效果

Epidemic characteristics of malaria and evaluation of the control measures in Yuancheng county,1950-2015

目的分析总结源城区65年来疟疾流行动态和特征,评价防控措施和效果,为消除疟疾达标后的防制策略提供依据。方法收集1950-2015年源城区疟疾发病情况、控制措施及防治效果资料,采用描述流行病学方法分析源城区疟疾流行特点与防治历程,根据国家卫计委《消除疟疾考核评估方案(2014年版)》,从技术措施、防控效果2个方面对消除疟疾工作进行评估。结果 1950-2015年共报告疟疾99 756例,年均发病率为413.84/10万,有2次流行高峰,分别是1954、1963年,发病率分别为7 208.72/10万、2 237.02/10万;主要传播媒介为微小按蚊,以间日疟流行为主;防制过程分为初级防治、控制流行、基本消灭、监测巩固达到消除4个阶段,每个阶段均采用相应的防治措施,疟疾年发病率由从1954年的7 208.72/10万,降至2007年的0.8/10万,且已连续8年未发现本地感染病例。结论源城区疟疾防治达到国家消除标准,但输入性病例不容忽视。后期的工作重点是加强输入病例的监测。

Objective The epidemiological status and features of malaria in the past 65 years, and the evaluation of prevention and control measures were evaluated, and provide the evidence for developing control strategies to eradicate malaria. Methods Information of incidence of malaria, and the effectiveness of conrol and prevention measures from 1950 to 2015 were collected and analyzed for the epidemiologieal characteristics and the effectiveness of prevention and control according to ＂The Program of Elimination of Malaria （2014 Edition ）＂ announced by the National Health and Family Planning Commission, China. Results In 1950-2015, 99 756 cases of malaria were notified, with the annual incidence of 413.84/100 000. There were two epidemic peak in 1954 and 1963,with the incidence of 7 208.72/100 000 and 2 237.02/100 000, respectively, mainly causing by Plasmodium vivax, and the main vector was tiny anopheles. Control process was divided into four stages ： primary prevention, control epidemic, basic elimination, reliable monitoring till eliminated. With corresponding prevention measures in each phase, incidence of malaria from 7 208.72/100 000 in 1954 dropped to 0.8/100 000 in 2007, and no local infection had been found in eight years in a row. Conclusions Malaria prevention in Yuancheng county reached the standards of China. However, imported cases should not be ignored. The surveillance on imported malaria cases should be the focus of prevention and control at the late-phase.