岱衢洋海域鱼类分类多样性研究

Taxonomic Diversity of Fish Species in the Daiquyang Waters

为进一步探析舟山渔场岱衢洋海域鱼类多样性特征,根据2012-2013年岱衢洋调查数据,结合2007-2011年历次调查研究的历史资料,采用Nelson分类系统对鱼类物种组成进行了系统整理,从不同分类阶元分析了岱衢洋海域鱼类的多样性。分类多样性指数(△+和∧+)、Turner相对丰富度(Rr)和索雷申(Sorensen)群落相似性系数为本研究的主要指数。结果显示,岱衢洋共记录鱼类96种,隶属于15目、46科、75属。目级相对丰富度结果显示,岱衢洋鱼类组成以鲈形目(286.67)居绝对优势;科级则主要集中在鲽形目的舌鳎科(19.57)、鲈形目的石首鱼科(17.39)和鲱形目的鳀科(15.22)。使用PRIMER6.0软件计算了平均分类差异指数△+和分类差异变异指数∧+,分别为62.7和100.5,其中△+与大亚湾相差不大且均高于北部湾,低于东山湾和唐山湾,这说明岱衢洋海域鱼类多样性和大亚湾相差不大,差于东山湾和唐山湾,好于北部湾,即岱衢洋海域鱼类组成之间的亲缘关系程度和大亚湾相近,近于东山湾和唐山湾,远于北部湾。索雷申群落相似性系数结果表明,岱衢洋海域鱼类分类组成在目级水平上,与唐山湾(0.48)相似性最高,东山湾(0.40)次之,同大亚湾相似性最低(0.29)。

In order to further study the fishery diversity feature in Daiquyang waters of Zhoushan fishing ground. This paper used Nelson＇s classification system to analyse the fish species composition and the diversity in Daiquyang waters from different taxonomic levels based on historical data collected from 2007 to 2013. Key indices including taxonomic diversity （△＋ and ∧＋）,relative abundances（Rr） and similarity index （Sorensen） were used to assist the measurement. As a result, 96 species had been recorded in Daiquyang waters, which were belonging to 15 orders, 46 families and 75 genera. Relative abundances in order showed that the domi- nant species belonged to Perciforms （286.67）. The family of Cynoglossidae （19.57）, Sciaenidae （17.39） and En- graulidae（15.22） were the main species in Family level. PRIMER6.0 was used to calculate △＋ and/∧ ＋, and the figures were 62.7 and 100.5 respectively. The value of A~ was close to Daya bay, and both of them were high- er than beibu bay but lower than Dongshan bay and Tangshan bay. It showed that fish diversity in Daiquyang waters was better than Beibu bay and was close to in Daya bay, but was not as abundant as in Dongshan and Tangshan bay. In other words, the composition of fish in Daiquyang waters was closer to Daya bay than Dong- shan and Tangshan bay, but was away from Beibu Bay. Similarity index （Sorensen） illustrated that the fish com- position in Daiquyang waters from order levels perspective was closest to in Tangshan bay reaching 0.48, which was followed by in Dongshan bay with 0.40, and the lowest index value was 0.29, compared with which in Daya bay.