《欧洲足联俱乐部财政公平法案》的默顿功能分析及其对中国职业足球的启示

Merton Functionalist Theory Analysis Perspective for UEFA Club Licensing and Financial Fair Play Regulations and Enlightenment for Chinese Professional Football

对《欧洲足联俱乐部财政公平法案》制定的缘由和历程、目标、审查时间和亏损限额、收入与支出的解释、赦免原则、处罚方式与奖励条款进行了梳理;以社会学家默顿的功能分析视角下,分析与评价了该法案颁布实施以来,财政层面、竞技层面和商业开发层面的显在正功能、潜在正功能、显在反功能和潜在反功能,并阐述了该法案对中国职业足球的启示。在俱乐部经营层面,财政和经营状况应更加公开透明,重视服务球迷、人文关怀与社会担当,自觉构建以俱乐部为主体的青训体系;在制定政策法规层面,需注意法规的严谨论证与推出时间的合理性,以保证竞赛水平和服务质量为政策制定的前提,引进第三方审计、细化收入支出类别,限制与奖励性条款并行,尊重和保护投资人的热情。

Using the methods of literature review,mathematical statistics,logic and comparative analysis,this paper explains UEFA Club Licensing and Financial Fair Play Regulation（FFP） on the aspects of the reason and course,the objectives,review time,statistical seasons and allow cumulative financial losses limits,the income and expenditure,forgive,and the punishment and reward terms,analyzes the the manifest positive functions;manifest dysfunctions;latent positive functions and latent dysfunctions of the FFP based on the sociologist Merton＇s functionalist theory. Moreover,it expounds the regulations＇ reference and enlightenment for Chinese professional football. At the business level,the current prosperity of Chinese football need to treat rationally. The clubs＇ finances and operating conditions should be open and transparent. The clubs should pay more attention to give fans humanistic care and social responsibility;build clubs-oriented youth system. To formulate policies and regulations,Chinese football association should pay attention to the rationality of demonstration and launch time,to ensure the competition and service quality. The association can introduce the third-party to audit and refine the category of income and expense. Using both rewards and punishment to respect and protect the investors＇ enthusiasm.