我国民族地区教育扶贫的主要模式、存在问题与对策建议——以内蒙古、广西为例

Modes,Problems and Countermeasure of Poverty Alleviation through Education in Ethnic Regions of China——Taking Inner Mongolia and Guangxi as Examples

我国少数民族特困地区是国家扶贫攻坚工作中的重点,这些地区大多经济社会落后,自然环境恶劣,一般扶贫办法很难实现脱贫减贫。从近几年民族地区扶贫涉及的内容和表现形式看,教育扶贫是诸多扶贫方式中比较有效且具有根本性意义的手段。本文通过研究发现,内蒙古自治区、广西壮族自治区立足于自身所处的经济社会发展阶段和教育基础条件,发展了具有自身特色的教育扶贫模式,这两种模式具有重要的理论意义和实践针对性。针对这些问题,未来民族贫困地区的教育扶贫工作要建立和完善各级政府经费分担机制,加强民族特困地区教师队伍建设,深化教育管理体制改革等,以此实现教育扶贫工作的良性发展,帮助民族贫困地区人口脱贫减贫。

The focus of poverty alleviation work of the State is ethnic destitute areas which are backward in economic and social development due to harsh natural environment. For these areas,it is very hard to realize poverty alleviation and reduction through general poverty alleviation measures. According to the contents and forms of poverty-relief in recent years,poverty alleviation through education is a more effective means which is of fundamental significance. Based on a research of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,this paper finds out that these two regions have developed their own modes of poverty alleviation through education with characteristics according to their economic and social development and educational conditions. Their modes have important theoretical significance and practical pertinence. In order to solve these problems,the fund sharing mechanism of the governments at all levels should be established and improved,teaching team construction should be strengthened,and reform of educational management system should be deepened so as to realize a smooth development of poverty alleviation through education and help the population in ethnic poverty-stricken areas get rid of poverty.