基于复杂系统理论的我国国家公园管理机制初步研究

A Preliminary Study on the Management Mechanism of National Parks: Based on the Complex System Theory

从9个国家公园体制试点区的特征看,中国国家公园是具有主体多元性、价值多重性、业态多样性、生态脆弱性等特征的复杂系统。各主体追求利益最大化与国家公园最高目标之间的多维度博弈是国家公园管理呈现复杂性的主要成因。多层叠置、多维约束、多源动力等结构因素使国家公园生态系统演化具有不确定性。本文基于复杂系统理论与方法,建立以价值系统保护为目标、环境系统为约束,住民系统、游憩系统、产业系统为操作系统的国家公园可持续管理框架及E-O-M复杂系统管理机制,结合人工智能技术的应用,形成国家公园智能化的现代管理制度,提升国家公园管理的科学化水平。

Looking from the characteristics of the nine pilot areas on national park system reform,the status of national parks in China demonstrates many complex systematic characteristics,including multi-agent,value multiplicity, diversity of industry, and ecological fragility, etc. The multidimensional game between benefit maximization and the highest goal of national parks are the main causes of national park management complexity,and many structural factors,such as multi-layers,multi-constraints,multi-source power,add to the uncertainty of the ecological system evolution of national parks. Based on the theory and method of complex system,this paper established a sustainable management framework of national parks and an EOM management mechanism of complex system,with a value system to protect the ecological environment as the goals,the ecological environment system as the constraints,and the operating systems including resident system,recreation system and industrial system. This study formatted the national park intelligent management system and combined it with the application of artificial intelligence technology to enhance the scientific level of the national park management.