基于产权理论的国家公园治理体系研究

National Park Governance System Based on Property Right Theory

经过一百多年的传播,国家公园的概念已得到世界各国的广泛认可。由于各国政治、经济、社会文化背景不同,该如何建设既符合国际规范又符合我国国情的国家公园,目前存在许多困惑和争论。我国国家公园应采取什么样的治理模式?国家公园涉及区域广、产品复杂、资源类型多样,我们是否遵循同一治理理念和模式?我国国家公园的治理主体、原则和目标是什么?本文围绕上述问题,基于产权理论,将国家公园产品分为纯公共产品、准公共产品、私人产品三类,据此建立政府主导治理、公众参与协商治理、特许经营市场化治理的国家公园治理体系。

The concept of national parks has been established and spread for over 100 years,and it has been broadly recognized by many countries in the world. Currently,the great attention paid by the Chinese government at all levels,shows the determination and expectation of China entering into a global system.There are many confusions and arguments on how to establish a national park system to meet the international standard with localized Chinese consideration. For example,what type of governance model should we follow？ Should we follow the same governance ideas and principles considering the huge size and complex products of national parks？ What are the governance agents,principles and goals？ Guided by the above mentioned research questions,based on the property right theory,this paper classified the national park products into three categories,and suggested three models of national park governance,namely,government led governance model,public participation consultation governance model and market led concessional governance model.