从印尼的《婚姻法》看民族、女性与伊斯兰的相互关系

Nationalism,Feminism and Islam: Comments on Indonesian Marriage Law of 1974

印尼是世界上穆斯林人口最多的国家,现行的《婚姻法》是《1974年婚姻法》。这部《婚姻法》是在独立后对伊斯兰教法进行改革的基础上,经过近30年的反复讨论、审议和修订而制定出来的。鉴于部分研究在关键问题上存有误解,通过梳理印尼婚姻法改革的背景、女性组织和伊斯兰群体的主张与分歧,可以看出《1974年婚姻法》具有一定的进步性,它改变了印尼婚姻家庭法的三元体系,但由于内容的准确性和全面性较低,对穆斯林群体的实际影响有限,该婚姻法并未保全妇女的权益。

Indonesia has the largest Muslim population in the world. After independence,Indonesia reformed its Islamic law. It constituted the Marriage Law of 1974 in nearly 30 years on the matter of marriage and family law. Current researches have some misunderstandings over some key issues. On the basis of the original Indonesian version of the Marriage Law of 1974 and along with a large number of academic literatures,this paper outlines the background of the reform on marriage law,analysis the stands and disputes between women's organizations and Islamic groups in terms of the Feminism. It can be concluded that the Marriage Law of 1974 has certain advancement itself and has changed the ternary system of marriage and family law in Indonesia. However,due to lacking of accuracy and comprehensiveness,the Marriage Law of 1974 has limited practical influence on most of the Muslims,it does not preserved women's right sufficiently.