多普勒效应的理论推导和实际应用

Theoretical Derivation and Practical Application of Doppler Effect

当波源和观测者相对于机械波(如:声波)或电磁波(如:光波)的传播方向有相对运动时,会发生接收到的波频率或波长不同于原频率或波长的现象,即多普勒效应。多普勒效应在生活中普遍存在且有着广泛的应用,我们既可以利用多普勒效应解释生活中的很多现象,认识宇宙;也运用它进行科学研究,推动科技发展。然而,声学和光学中多普勒效应的理论推导存在差异。本文分别从声学中的机械波和光学中的电磁波两个方面,理论推导了不同情况下,多普勒效应引起的频率或波长的改变。并根据理论推导结论,深入讨论了多普勒效应在生产生活、科技发展和科学研究中的实际应用。

When the wave source and observer have relative motion with respect to the propagation direction of a mechanical wave （e.g., an acoustic wave） or an electromagnetic wave （e.g., an optical wave）, a phenomenon that the received wave frequency or wavelength is different from the original frequency or wavelength occurs, which named Doppler Effect. Doppler Effect is widespread in life and has a wide range of applications. We can not only use the Doppler Effect to explain many phenomena in life, understanding the universe, but also use it to carry out scientific research and promote the development of science and technology. However, there are differences in theoretical derivation of Doppler effects in acoustics and optics. This paper deduces the change of frequency or wavelength caused by Doppler Effect under different conditions from the aspects of mechanical wave in acoustics and electromagnetic wave in optics. And the practical application of Doppler Effect in production and life, science and technology development and scientific research is discussed in detail according to the theoretical derivation in this paper.