基于高效灌溉的肇州县玉米需水量分析与计算

Analysis and calculation of corn water requirement based on high efficiency irrigation in Zhaozhou County

肇州县是黑龙江省西部典型的旱灌区,农业灌溉水源主要来源于地下水,玉米为主要农作物,占肇州县农业灌溉总需水量的85%。为了达到高效灌溉的目的,设计不同的灌溉方案,选择最优方案。分析肇州区域水文年型,并对玉米生育期的需水特征进行分析,给出灌水制度,设计4种灌水方案。在灌溉播种—拔节期和抽雄—灌浆期灌水2次所需水量为631 m3/hm2,为用水量最少的一种灌溉方案,达到高效灌溉的目的,便于当地灌溉采用。

Zhaozhou County is a typical irrigated arid area in the west of Heilongjiang Province. Agricultural irrigation water mainly comes from groundwater and corn is the main crop, accounting for 85% of the total agricultural irrigation water requirement by corn crop in Zhaozhou County. In order to achieve high efficiency irrigation, design different irrigation schemes, choose the best solution. Therefore, the hydrological year of Zhaozhou County and the characteristics of water requirement during the growth of corn were analyzed. The irrigation system is given and 4 irrigation schemes are designed. The results showed that the water requirement of irrigation was 631 m^3/hm^2 twice during irrigation and sowing-jointing stage and tasseled-grouting stage. It was the irrigation scheme with the least water consumption to achieve the purpose of efficient irrigation and was convenient for local irrigation.