奖赏对海洛因成瘾者执行功能的影响机制

The influencing mechanism of reward on executive function in heroin addicts

一些研究发现海洛因成瘾者奖赏失调表现为:对海洛因相关线索的注意偏向、渴求感增加,对金钱奖赏表现出"即时收益优先"的高风险决策模式和对长时收益的敏感性降低。另一些研究发现海洛因成瘾者的执行功能存在障碍。奖赏失调和执行功能障碍在成瘾物质使用的维持和复吸中起着重要作用。双重竞争模型认为奖赏和执行功能的交互作用决定着行为的结果,但是奖赏对海洛因成瘾者执行功能的影响机制还不清楚。因此,拟使用事件相关电位技术来考察海洛因相关线索和金钱奖赏对不同戒断期成瘾者执行功能的影响机制,短期(1~3个月)、长期(18个月以上)海洛因戒断者和健康对照组被比较。这不仅有助于构建完善的成瘾理论体系,还有助于确定临床戒断后复吸的风险因素和不同戒断期的治疗目标。

Research has identified several features of heroin-related reward dysfunction, including the enhanced attentional bias for heroin-related cues, increased drug craving, preference for immediate over delayed rewards of larger value and decreased sensitivity to delayed consequences. It has also been found that heroin addicts exhibit executive dysfunction. Reward dysregulation and executive function deficits have been hypothesized to play an important role in the maintenance of drug taking and abstinence. Dual- competition model proposes that reward regulation and executive function interact with each other and directly affect goal-direct actions. However, it is not clear yet how reward influences executive function. This study aims to investigate the effect of heroin-related cues and monetary reward on executive function in heroin addicts after different periods of abstinence. The event related potentials of the heroin addicts following short-term （1-3 months） abstinence and those with long-term （above 18 months） abstinence will be compared with the healthy controls. The results will not only contribute to the development of the addiction theories, but also help to identify the risk factors and the proper objectives in different abstinent periods.