航空决策模型及其影响因素分析

Models and influential factors of aeronautical decision making

航空决策指在航空飞行驾驶过程中,飞行员面对特定情境做出最佳决策时的心理过程。情景评估和风险评估是航空决策模型中最重要的两个阶段。个体认知因素、疲劳和动机因素以及知识经验的限制会导致不良航空决策,组织压力和社会因素则通过混淆飞行员对飞行安全的看法间接影响航空决策。在未来的研究中,研究者应当重视构建更合理的航空决策模型,从辩证的角度全面看待知识经验与飞行安全的关系,加强对动机因素和环境因素的调查分析和实验性研究。

Aeronautical decision making is a systematic approach, that pilots use to perceive and process all information regarding a flying situation and to select alternatives based on desired outcomes to determine the best course of action. Situation assessment and risk assessment are important components in aeronautical decision making models. The influential factors to an aeronautical decision include cognitive factors, fatigue, motivational factors, and the lack of expertise. Besides these factors, organization pressure and social factors influence aeronautical decision in an indirect way. In the future, researchers need to establish a more reasonable model, which could be applied more widely. Expertise and knowledge play an important role in decision making. Therefore, it needs to discuss from a more dialectical perspective. In the end, researchers should pay more attention on motivational and environmental factors with investigative and experimental methods.