早年应激影响成年海马神经元再生的机制

The mechanisms for the effects of early-life stress on adult hippocampal neurogenesis

成年海马神经元再生是指齿状回颗粒下区的神经干细胞发育为功能性神经元的过程。在生命的早期经历应激事件可损害成年期海马神经元再生,并引起学习记忆障碍。然而,目前关于早年应激影响成年海马神经元再生的机制研究主要集中在糖皮质激素及受体系统,其相关调节分子与机制有待深入研究。本文阐述了主要的应激因子(包括促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素及其受体等系统)在早年应激介导的成年海马神经元再生异常和海马重塑中的潜在作用。

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is a process of generating functional new neurons from neural precursors in the subgranular zone of the adult dentate gyrus. Exposure to severe stressful events early in life impairs adult hippocampal neurogenesis and disrupts learning and memory. Accumulating evidence has shown that glucocorticoid and its receptors play fundamental roles in the negative effects of early-life stress on adult hippocampal neurogenesis, yet the exact mechanisms and mediators remain to be investigated. Here, we highlight the potential roles of key stress mediators, including corticotropin-releasing hormone and its receptors, in modulating the negative effects of early-life stress on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and hippocampal plasticity.