利福平对黑腹果蝇种群的影响

Effects of Antibiotic Rifampicin on Population of Drosophila melanogaster

黑腹果蝇是危害蓝莓果实最严重的害虫之一,成虫将卵产在蓝莓果皮下,卵孵化后以幼虫为害,严重影响蓝莓的鲜销、贮藏及加工。为了探索抗生素利福平对黑腹果蝇种群的影响,以黑腹果蝇为试材,饲喂不同浓度(0.04、0.08、0.16、0.32、0.64、1.28、2.56mg·mL^(-1))的利福平,筛选出适宜浓度(0.64mg·mL^(-1))利福平并对黑腹果蝇F0代和F1代进行深入研究,以期为黑腹果蝇的种群繁殖提供参考依据。结果表明:使用利福平的浓度高于0.64mg·mL^(-1)时,黑腹果蝇产卵量显著(P<0.05)下降,而低浓度的利福平则对黑腹果蝇没有显著影响。在F0代中,利福平处理雌性黑腹果蝇(C0)后,子代雌虫发育历期比对照显著增加(P<0.05),处理雄性黑腹果蝇(B0)后化蛹量较处理雌性(C0)和处理雌雄性黑腹果蝇(D0)均显著增加(P<0.05)。F1代中,处理B1和C1后,化蛹量、羽化量、发育历期和雌性比均显著(P<0.01)变化,在D1处理中,黑腹果蝇产卵量极显著下(P<0.01),从14.47降至1.93,化蛹量和羽化量均急剧降低,不能发育成完整的成虫。结果表明,高于0.64mg·mL^(-1)的利福平能降低黑腹果蝇F1子代的产卵量,使其种群下降。

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster,is one of the most important pests for blueberry.The adults lay their eggs under the peel of blueberry,while the larvae eat the pulp,which has strong impact on sales,storage and processing for blueberry.In order to find out the effect of antibiotic rifampicin on population of Drosophila melanogaster,and provide a reference basis for the population reproduction of Drosophila melanogaster,by means of feeding different concentration of rifampicin at 0.04,0.08,0.16,0.32,0.64,1.28,2.56 mg·mL^-1,the suitable concentration（0.64 mg·mL^-1）to F0 and F1 generation of Drosophila melanogaster were screened to further study.The results showed that there was a significant reduction in the amount of spawning when feeding rifampicin above 0.64 mg·mL^-1（P〈0.05）,but no impact below 0.64 mg·mL^-1.After feeding rifampicin to female fruit fly（C0）in F0 generation,the developmental duration of offspring female worm were significantly higher than control whiteflies（P〈0.05）,and the amount of pupation of treatment B0（feeding rifampicin to male fruit fly）were significantly higher than treatment C0 and D0（feeding rifampicin to male and female fruit fly）（P〈0.05）.In F1 generation,there was significant changes in the amount of pupation and feather,the developmental duration and the sex ratio in treatment b1 and C1（P〈0.01）,and treatment D1 led to significant reduction in the amount of spawning（P〈0.01）,which from 14.47 down to1.93.They could not grow up to adult because of the dramatic decrease of the amount of pupation and feather.The results showed that the amount of spawning of offspring fruit fly were reduced by the antibiotic rifampicin.