新疆南疆三种果树叶表面微形态结构与滞尘能力比较

Leaf Surface Microstructures of Three Fruit Trees and Comparison of Their Dust Detaining Capabilities in Southern of Xinjiang

以新疆轮台县3种果树(苹果、核桃、杏)叶片为试材,对其滞尘量和叶片表面微形态结构进行观测,探究了3种果树叶片平均滞尘量在不同时间段和不同高度的变化及叶表面结构与其滞尘量的关系。结果表明:不同果树的滞尘量不同,其中苹果叶片的滞尘量最大,可达到5.295mg·cm^(-2),杏叶片的滞尘量最低,仅为2.697mg·cm^(-2)。叶片滞尘量随时间延长而增加(P<0.01);不同高度的滞尘量差异极显著(P<0.01),叶片平均滞尘量依次为1m[(1.716±0.800)mg·cm^(-2)]>2m[(1.217±0.355)mg·cm^(-2)]>3m[(0.950±0.362)mg·cm^(-2)]。叶片表面观察结果表明,果树叶片表面在微形态结构上存在明显差异,滞尘能力较强的苹果叶表面结构粗糙,具有绒毛;滞尘能力较弱的杏叶表面结构光滑,无毛。叶表面结构不同,滞尘能力也出现明显差异,说明滞尘能力与叶表特征密切相关。

In order to study the dust detaining capability Malus pumila, Juglans regia, Armeniaca vulgaris trees were chosen to measure and compare its content of dust retention,and the interrelation between leaf surface morphological structure and dust amount were explored. The results showed that the order from strong to weak in dust retaining capability in tested fruit tree leaves were Malus pumila〉Juglans regia〉Armeniaca vulgaris. The highest value of 5. 295 mg· cm^-2 was recorded in Malus pumila,and the lowest value of 2. 697 mg· cm^-2 was recorded in Armeniaca vulgaris. The dust amount increases with time prolonging（P〈0. 01） ,the difference was extremely significant in the different heights dust retention amount（P〈0.01）, the average leaf dust amount was 1 m[（1. 716± 0. 800）mg ·cm^-2 ] 〉 2 m [（1. 217 ± 0. 355） mg · cm^-2 ] 〉3 m [（0. 950 ± 0. 362） mg · cm^-2 ]. The electronic photos showed it＇s significantly different in leaf surface micro-morphological structure. Malus purnila was coarse for villous feature,Armeniaca vulgaris was smooth, without villus, villous feature by observing the surface structure of the leaves. Due to different leaf surface micromorphological structures, the three fruit trees showed different dust detaining capability. The findings that the dust detaining capability was closely related with leaf surface features.