区分HIV-1p24抗原和HIV抗体检测方法的临床应用

Clinical application of test method of combined HIV-1p24 antigen and HIV antibody

目的了解艾滋病病毒(HIV)-1p24抗原和抗体联合检测在临床应用的价值。方法总结从2012-2016年HIV-1p24抗原和抗体联合检测并且能区分是抗原还是抗体阳性的临床结果,并和不能区分抗原抗体的四代酶联试剂结果比较,对其中HIV-1p24抗原阳性的样本进行CD4+T淋巴细胞及HIV核糖核酸(RNA)的检测。结果 2012-2016年共检测HIV-1p24抗原和抗体联合检测样本10 476例,其中HIV抗体阳性777例,HIV-1p24抗原阳性36例,其中抗原抗体同时阳性8例,单独HIV-1p24抗原阳性28例。结论 HIV-1p24抗原和抗体联合检测敏感性高、特异性强,尤其是能将抗原和抗体阳性区分开来,大大缩短了窗口期,提高了HIV急性期感染的检出率。

Objective To investigate the value of combined detection of HIV-1 P24 antigen and antibody in clinical application.Methods Clinical results of HIV-1 P24 antigen and antibody were reviewed from 2012 to 2016 and the positive clinical results were distinguished,and compared with the results of four generation ELISA reagents which could not differentiate antigen and antibody detection.The positive results of P24 received CD4 and RNA viral loading tests,to get the clinical significance of HIV-1 P24 antigen.Results A total of 10 476 samples received the combined detection of HIV-1 P24 antigen and antibody from 2012 to 2016,of which 777 cases were detected as HIV antibody positive,and 36 cases were P24 positive.Out of the 36 cases,8 cases were double positive of antigen and antibody and 28 cases of single positive of P24 antigen.Conclusion The combined detection of HIV-1 P24 antigen and antibody has high sensitivity and specificity,which can differentiate the positive cases of antigen and antibody,shorten the window period,and improve the diagnosis and treatment rate of acute infection of HIV.