东部沿海地区家养动物及养殖人员戊型病毒性肝炎感染率调查研究

Infection status of hepatitis E among domestic animals and livestock-breeding workers in eastern coastal region

目的 了解家养动物以及养殖人员戊肝病毒感染情况,以及家养动物在人群戊肝传播中的意义,为有效控制戊型肝炎提供依据.方法 采用多阶段整群抽样方法抽取与人密切接触的猪、牛、羊、狗、鸡5种家养动物,分别于4月、11月采集血标本,开展抗-HEV总抗体检测.对养殖人员采集血标本分别检测抗HEV-IgG、抗HEV-IgM抗体.结果 共采集家养动物血标本1 967份,经检测抗-HEV总抗体阳性率42.09％,阳性率由高至低分别为猪63.59％、牛47.24％、狗40.61％、羊31.53％、鸡8.52％,差别有统计学意义（x2=389.63.P＜0.001）.调查养殖人员1 009人,抗HEV-IgG阳性率为40.43％,抗HEV-IgM阳性率为3.67％.随着年龄增长和从业年限延长,感染率呈上升趋势.结论 家养动物具有较高的戊肝感染率,可能是人类感染戊肝病毒的传染源,在疾病的防控中应关注动物传染源的作用.另外,建议养殖人员采取必要的防护措施以减少暴露机会.

Objective We investigated infection status of hepatitis E among domestic animals and livestock-breeding workers in Yantai in order to explore the role of animals in transmitting hepatitis E virus （HEV） and to provide reference for control of hepatitis E.Methods Five kinds of domestic animals were selected by multi-stratified cluster sampling methods and anti-HEV antibodies in serum were detected in April and November.Specific IgM and IgG antibodies were detected with ELISA among livestock-breeding workers.Results Among 1 967 animals surveyed,the overall positive rate of anti-HEV antibodies was 42.09%.The positive rates were 63.59% in pigs,47.24% in cattle,40.61% in dogs,31.53% in sheeps and 8.52% in chickens,respectively.The difference was statitistically significant （x2=389.63,P〈0.001）.The positive rate of anti-HEV IgG was 40.43% among 1 009 livestock-breeding workers and that of anti-HEV IgM was 3.67%.The infection rate of HEV was on the rise along with the increments of age and working years.Conclusions HEV infection rate was high among domestic animals and livestock-breeding workers in Yantai.It was possible that domestic animals were the sources of HEV for people.In addition,we suggested that livestock-breeding workers should take necessary precautions against HEV.