西藏高校大学生精神信仰与主观幸福感的特点及关系

The Characteristics and Relationship Between Spiritual Belief and Subjective Well-being of College Students in Tibet

目的:了解西藏高校大学生精神信仰与主观幸福感的特点,探讨精神信仰对主观幸福感的影响,为德育工作提供参考。方法:采用大学生精神信仰问卷和主观幸福感问卷对西藏3所高校269名大学生进行调查分析。结果:西藏高校大学生精神信仰的3个一级因子均值由高到低依次为社会信仰(4.22±0.51)、实用信仰(3.96±0.47)、超自然信仰(3.65±0.73),汉族大学生在国家主义(t=2.984,P<0.01)、家族崇拜(t=3.442,P<0.01)上的得分均显著高于藏族大学生,藏族大学生在宗教信仰(t=7.934,P<0.001)、神灵崇拜(t=5.713,P<0.001)、生命信仰(t=3.871,P<0.01)上的得分均显著高于汉族大学生,在神灵崇拜上女生得分显著高于男生(t=3.058,P<0.01);在生活满意度上,藏族大学生得分显著高于汉族大学生(t=4.460,P<0.01),女生得分显著高于男生(t=3.083,P<0.01);宗教信仰对生活满意度有显著的正向预测作用;神灵崇拜对消极情感有显著的正向预测作用,家族崇拜对消极情感有显著的负向预测作用。结论:西藏高校大学生具有良好的精神信仰和较高的主观幸福感,精神信仰对主观幸福感具有一定的预测作用。

Objective：To study the characteristics of spiritual belief and subjective well-being of college students in Tibet,and to explore the influence of spiritual belief on subjective well-being,and provide reference for moral education.Methods：A total of 269 college students from 3 universities in Tibet were investigated by using the questionnaire of College Students＇ spiritual belief and the questionnaire of subjective well-being.Results：The order of 3 first grade factors of spiritual beliefs for Tibet university students from high to low was social beliefs（4.22±0.51）,practical faith（3.96±0.47）,belief in the supernatural（3.65±0.73）.Han nationality students＇ scores were significantly higher than those of the Tibetan students in Nationalism（t=2.984,P0.01）,family worship（t=3.442,P0.01）.Tibetan students＇ scores were significantly higher than those of the Han students in religion（t=7.934,P0.001）,the worship of gods（t=5.713,P0.001）,the life of faith（t=3.871,P0.01）.Girls scored significantly higher than boys（t=3.058,P0.01）in the worship of gods.In life satisfaction,Tibetan students＇ scores was significantly higher than that of the Han nationality students（t=4.460,P0.01）,girls＇ scores was significantly higher than boys（t=3.083,P0.01）.Religious belief had a significantly predictive effect on life satisfaction.God worship had a significantly positive predictive effect on negative emotions,and family worship had a significantly negative effect on negative emotions.Conclusion：College students in Tibet have good spiritual belief and high subjective well-being,and spiritual belief has a certain predictive effect on subjective well-being.