失望情境下3~6岁幼儿情绪表达规则运用的实验研究

An Experimental Study on the Emotional Expression Rules of 3-6 Years Old Children in Different Disappointed Situation

目的:考察3~6岁幼儿在失望情境下情绪表达规则的运用情况,探讨年龄、性别对幼儿情绪表达规则运用的影响。方法:采用自然实验法,参照David,McDowell和Ross的情绪反应量表对180名3~6岁幼儿在失望情境下的情绪反应进行记录和编码分析。结果:年龄是幼儿情绪表达规则运用的重要影响因素,失望情境下3~6岁幼儿在消极情绪表现、紧张情绪表现和情绪伪装表现均存在显著的年龄差异(F=5.316,8.302,22.555;P<0.01);在失望情境下,性别对幼儿情绪伪装规则运用有显著影响,男孩运用情绪伪装规则的得分显著高于女孩,而在积极情绪、消极情绪、紧张情绪表达方面都没有表现出显著的性别差异。结论:幼儿的情绪表达规则运用能力随着年龄的增长而不断提高,且5~6岁是幼儿情绪表达规则运用能力的快速发展期;在失望情境下男孩情绪伪装运用能力高于女孩。

Objective：To investigate the use of emotional expression rules in different disappointing situations.Methods：The responses of 180 3-6 year old children in disappointment were recorded and coded using the natural test method,according to the emotional response scale of David,McDowell and Ross.Results：Age was an important factor in the use of children＇s emotional expression rules;in the disappointment situation,there were significant differences in age including negative emotional performance,tension performance and emotional camouflage performance（F=5.316,8.302,22.555;P0.01）.In the disappointment situation,the scores of boys using emotional camouflage were significantly higher than those of girls,but there was no significant gender difference in positive emotions,negative emotions and tense expression.Conclusion：The ability of children to express their emotions is increasing with age,and 5-6 years old was the rapid development period of children＇s emotional expression rules.At the same time,in the disappointed situation,the boy＇s emotional camouflage ability is better than the girl＇s.