头颈部鳞癌生物标志物的预后作用

Prognostic Value of Biomarkers in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

头颈部鳞癌(HNSCC)是世界上常见的恶性肿瘤之一。尽管现有治疗手段不断完善,HNSCC的5年生存率仍徘徊在50%。肿瘤生物标志物是由肿瘤细胞合成、释放或是宿主对肿瘤的反应而释放的物质。它有助于肿瘤的分子诊断、预后判断及疗效预测。因此生物标志物具有诊断、预后和预测三大作用。本文分别就与HNSCC相关的临床确定的和正在热研的,主要具有预后作用的生物标志物进行阐述。临床确定的标志物包括EBV和HPV。迄今为止众多生物标志物被研究且结果喜人。本文介绍的热研的标志物包括细胞周期调控、转录因子和信号传导三个方面。除了综述生物标志物预后作用的最新研究信息,还对研究中出现预后作用不一致的原因进行分析。分子细胞生物学的发展促使更多的生物标志物及潜在治疗靶点被发现。从预后到预测的发展是实施肿瘤个体化治疗的目标。以生物标志物为治疗靶点,有望改善HNSCC的预后,实现个体化精准治疗。

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma （HNSCC） is one of frequent cancers woddwide. Despite advances in treatment within the last decades, the five-year survival rate of HNSCC remains at 50 %. Biomarkers are synthesized or released by tumour cells and sometimes are released by host responding to aunour. These biomarkers could be useful to molecular diagnose, prognosis and predicting effect. Biomarkers are categorized as diagnostic, prognostic, or predictive. In this article, established and emerging biomarkers that have been recently identified as prognostic value in HNSCC are reviewed. Established biomarkers include EBV and HPV. Up to date, a large number of biomarker candidates have been already studied and the results are promising. The emerging biomarkers in this review are categorized as cell cycle regulation, transcription factors and signal transduction. This review presents the most updated information on molecular biomarkers with the greatest prognostic potential in HNSCC and discusses some factors which contribute to the controversy concerning their prognostic importance. Molecular and cellular biology in HNSCC continually lead to the discovery of novel biomarkers and potential targets. Development from prognostic to predictive biomarker is the goal of delivering individualized cancer therapy. Taking reliable biomarkers as therapy targets will improve HNSCC patient outcome and achieve cancer precise treatment.