骨髓间充质干细胞促进皮肤创伤愈合的作用机制及临床应用

Mechanisms of BMSCs on Promoting the Skin Wound Healing and Clinical Application

皮肤是人体面积最大的器官,不同来源的损伤可使皮肤正常结构遭到破坏,皮肤创面修复过程失衡,从而导致皮肤愈合缓慢或畸形愈合,损害皮肤正常功能。骨髓间充质干细胞因其易获取、体外培养技术简单、低免疫原性、旁分泌、高度自我复制能力及多向分化潜能等特点而使其具有独特的优越性。已有研究表明骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSC)可通过多种复杂机制实现其促进皮肤创面愈合的作用,其趋化性可使BMSC向损伤部位迁移,并在局部分化为多种皮肤细胞、皮肤附属器细胞以及血管内皮细胞,促进皮肤的再生,通过抑制免疫细胞的生物学活性来发挥免疫调节作用。此外,BMSC可以分泌多种重要的生物活性因子,起到抗炎、促进新血管形成、抗纤维化及瘢痕形成、加快伤口愈合等作用。目前,BMSC已运用于多种类型皮肤损伤的临床治疗以及组织工程和再生医学中,且已取得了一定成果。本文主要就骨髓间充质干细胞的生物学特性、促进皮肤创伤愈合的作用机制及其临床应用进行了综述。

Skin is the largest human body organ. Different kinds of injuries can destroy normal skin structures and make the re- pair process unbalanced, which leads to a slower and abnormal healing process and causes harm to skin functions, seriously affecting the patients＇ daily life and psychological health. BMSCs have their unique advantages because of obtaining easily, simple culture techniques, low immunogenicity, paracrine secretion and the ability of self-renewal and multiple differentiation potential. Studies have shown that BMSCs can promote skin wound healing through various complex mechanisms. BMSCs can migrate to the injury sites and differentiate into multiple skin cell types, skin appendages and vascular endothelial cells which promote skin regeneration. On the other hand, BMSCs play an important role as modulators of immune system by inhibiting the biological activities of immune cells. What＇s more, many kinds ofbioactive factors secreted by BMSCs have positive efficacies on reducing inflammation, accelerating revascularization, attenuating cutaneous scar formation and facilitating skin wound repair. Now successful clinical applications have been made in applying BMSCs to the treatment of various kinds of skin damages, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This article mainly reviewed the biological characteristics of BMSCs, the mechanisms of it promoting skin wound healing and the clinical applications.