默读和出声阅读的副中央凹预视效应

Parafoveal preview benefits during silent and oral reading

以往研究大多考察默读中是否存在副中央凹预视效应及存在何种类型的预视效应,很少有研究探讨出声阅读中的副中央凹预视效应以及阅读中预视信息提取的时间进程。本研究采用边界范式,通过两个眼动实验考察默读和出声阅读中的副中央凹预视效应及预视信息提取的时间进程。实验1发现在默读和出声阅读中都存在副中央凹预视效应,但是默读中副中央凹预视效应更大。实验2发现出声阅读中在注视中央凹词汇的早期不能提取副中央凹处信息。两个实验的结果表明默读和出声阅读条件下的副中央凹加工是不同的,需要用不同的眼动模型解释。

The researches pay more attention to the parafoveal preview benefits（PPB） in the field of reading and language comprehension. Most of previous studies about PPB were done in silent reading. Those studies mainly investigated whether there is PPB and what type the PPB is. Seldom researches are done about oral reading. We cannot find the literature about the extraction time of preview information during Chinese reading. Thus, present study used the boundary paradigm to explore the differences of PPB between silent and oral reading in Chinese. In experiment 1, in order to explore the effect of the preview of word N when word N-1 was fixated during silent and oral reading, we manipulated the preview condition of word N（masking preview and target preview） and reading modes（silent reading and oral reading）. The results show that parafoveal preview information plays an important role in eye movement control during oral reading and silent reading. The preview benefits in oral reading are smaller than that in silent reading.In experiment 2,to explore the effect of the extraction time of preview information of word N when word N-1 was fixated during silent and oral reading,we manipulated parafoveal preview time（0 ms,50 ms,100 ms and 150 ms）and reading modes（silent reading and oral reading）.The results show that during silent reading,the extraction of parafoveal information might start immediately at the beginning of fixating the word N,but during oral reading,it might start relatively late.In summary,during Chinese reading,parafoveal preview can extract the information during silent reading and oral reading.However,there is significant difference of parafoveal process between silent reading and oral reading.First of all,PPB in silent reading is bigger than that in oral reading.Secondly,parafoveal preview information extraction during oral reading is later than that during silent reading.The last but not least,parafoveal information extraction did not start immediately when pre-target word was fixated.This finding is consistent with the theory of sequential attention shift.But there is not the same phenomenon in silent reading.