手机成瘾与青少年睡眠质量:中介与调节作用分析

Mobile phone addiction and sleep quality in adolescents: Mediation and moderation analyses

为探讨手机成瘾对青少年睡眠质量的影响及其作用机制,采用问卷法对1258名青少年进行调查。结果表明:(1)手机成瘾不仅对青少年睡眠质量有显著的直接预测作用,还能通过情绪平衡的中介作用间接预测睡眠质量;(2)手机成瘾对青少年睡眠质量的直接作用以及情绪平衡的中介作用都受到反刍的调节,相对于反刍水平低的个体,直接效应和间接效应都在反刍水平高的个体中更强;(3)手机成瘾对青少年睡眠质量的直接作用以及情绪平衡的中介作用还都受到正念的调节,相对于正念水平低的个体,直接效应和间接效应都在正念水平高的个体中更弱。本研究结果有利于揭示手机成瘾是如何影响青少年睡眠质量的,以及手机成瘾在何种条件下对青少年睡眠质量的影响更强/更弱,对移动互联网时代维护与促进青少年身心健康有一定启示意义。

Mobile phones have integrated into people＇s daily lives. Proper mobile phone use would help individuals meet diverse needs in learning and shopping, as well as in recreation and communication. However, the problem that more and more people are getting addicted to mobile phones has been salient. Studies have revealed that mobile phone addiction would bring about significant adverse impacts on mental health such as depression, anxiety, and even suicidal ideation. Poor sleep quality is also one of the major undesirable outcomes of mobile phone addiction. Research documented that mobile phone addiction significantly predicted sleep quality, and sleep quality deteriorated with increasing level of mobile phone addiction. Prior studies have focused mainly on the direct association between mobile phone addiction and sleep quality, however, little is known about the underlying mediating mechanism（i.e. how mobile phone addiction influences sleep quality） and moderating mechanism（i.e. when mobile phone addiction influences sleep quality）. To address these gaps, the present study constructed a moderated mediation model to examine the effect of mobile phone addiction on sleep quality in adolescents since both the use rate of mobile phone and the occurrence rate of mobile phone addiction are very high among adolescents. Specifically, the present study would examine the mediating role of affect balance in the relation between mobile phone addiction and sleep quality of adolescents, and test whether the direct effect and the indirect effect would be moderated by rumination and mindfulness. A sample of 1258 high school students completed a battery of self-report questionnaires measuring their mobile phone addiction, sleep quality, affect balance, rumination and mindfulness. All the measures showed good reliability and validity in the present study. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0 and the SPSS macro PROCESS which was specifically developed for assessing the complex models including both mediators and moderators. The results were as followings：（1） After controlling for gender and grade, mobile phone addiction significantly exerted direct effect on sleep quality and indirect effect on sleep quality through the mediation of affect balance.（2） Both the direct effect of mobile phone addiction on sleep quality and the indirect effect of affect balance were moderated by rumination, and these two effects were stronger in adolescents with high level of rumination.（3） Both the direct effect and the indirect effect of were moderated by mindfulness, and these two effects were weaker in adolescents with high level of mindfulness. The present study highlights the mediating role of affect balance and the moderating role of rumination and mindfulness in the effect of mobile phone addiction on sleep quality. It may contribute to a better understanding of the effects as well as its paths and conditions of mobile phone addiction on sleep quality of adolescents. Moreover, it can also provide constructive suggestions for protecting and improving affect balance and sleep quality of adolescents in the mobile Internet era.