印度-伊朗“莲花崇拜”文化源流探析

The Cultural Origin of Lotus Worship in India and Iran

印度-伊朗文化同源,都有着对水-火-日-苏摩(豪姆)的崇拜情结。琐罗亚斯德教将古埃及和美索不达米亚地区崇尚的蓝莲花视为该教神话传说中的豪姆,由此形成莲花(豪姆)崇拜。随着亚历山大东征,莲花(豪姆)崇拜进入印度,形成印度文化中的莲花(苏摩)崇拜。蓝莲花(苏摩)的回春之药用功效,使得莲花在印度密教文化中逐渐与性力关联。而"水-火-日-莲花"的艺术造型在伊朗伊斯兰化后幻化成清真寺建筑造型和装饰图案,对世界建筑艺术产生了极为深远的影响。

India and Iran shared the same culture, and they both had worship complex towards water, fire, the sun and soma. Among these, the sacred plant soma inosculated water, fire, and the sun as a whole. It fit with the characterization of lotus flower, while blue lotus had the effect of rejuvenation medicine, and it could excite the central nervous, which had compatibility with the worship towards the holy plant soma among Aryan in India and Iran. In addition, the pronunciation of lotus in the Iran language was interlinked with miraculous brightness in water in Iran Zoroastrian faith. Therefore, the Zoroastrianism took blue lotus worshiped in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia area as soma in its myths and legends thus formed the lotus(soma) worship. With the conquest of Alexander, lotus(soma) worship entered India and formed the lotus(soma) worship in Indian culture. The rejuvenation medicinal effect of blue lotus(soma) made lotus gradually associated with sexual ability in Indian esoteric culture. The artistic modeling of water-fire-the sun-lotus was miraculously transformed into a mosque architectural form and decorative pattern after the Islamic revolution in Iran, which had a far-reaching impact on the world architectural art.