大型客机气候实验室试验研究

Research on Airliner Climatic Laboratory Test

为确保飞机在各种极端气象条件下飞行的安全性,验证设计运行环境包线内各系统的功能与性能,需开展相应的试验试飞活动,极端自然环境有时间窗口难以捕捉、持续时间短、等待周期长的特点,但气候实验室可人工模拟高温、低温、冰雾、冻雨、吹雪等极端气象条件,不受自然环境的限制,可有效提升试验效率,缩短试飞周期,是现代大型客机进行极端气候试验的有效手段。介绍了气候实验室的意义与作用、全球气候实验室的情况,重点介绍了麦肯利气候实验室的试验条件及试验型号情况,并基于某型号实际经验,详细阐述了典型气候实验室试验的目的、内容与方法、风险及风险降低措施,为后续大型客机极端气候试验提供了参考。

Tests are essential to ensure airplane safety in various extreme weather, and to verify system function and performance in the airplane environmental envelope. Natural extreme weather is difficult to capture and long time to wait for, also it has short duration. Artificial weather conditions like extreme hot, extreme cold, freezing fog, freezing drizzle, blowing snow could be achieved in climatic laboratory, without constraint of natural environment. Test efficiency could be effectively improved and test cycle could be shortened. It＇ s an effective mean for modern airliner manufacture for extreme weather tests. Significance of climatic laboratory, status of global climate laboratories are introduced. The report focuses on the test condition simulated and tests had been conducted in Mckinley Climatic laboratory. Test objectives, test contents, test methods, test hazards and mitigations are elaborated based on practical experience. The test results can provide a reference for subsequent airplane climatic laboratory test.