嗜酸菌耐酸pH平衡机制及潜在应用

Mechanism of Acid Tolerance in Acidophiles with p H Homeostasis and Its Potential Applications

嗜酸菌是一类可以在极端酸性环境下生存的微生物,在生物整治以及耐热耐酸酶的提取等领域发挥着重要作用。一些嗜中性工程菌株在发酵过程中经常遇到自身环境酸化的问题,嗜酸菌独特的耐酸能力及其耐酸模块为构建耐酸能力强的嗜中性工程菌株提供了思路。因此,从细胞膜的稳定性及低渗透性,耐酸相关的能量代谢,生物大分子的修复以及胞内缓冲作用等方面对嗜酸菌的耐酸机制进行深入探讨,并展望了嗜酸菌在耐酸工程菌株合成生物学领域的作用。

Acidophiles can survive in the extremely acidic environment and are most widely distributed in the bacterial and archaeal domains. They play an important role in the bioremediation and source of thermostable and acid-tolerant enzyme. Some neutral engineering strains often encountered the problem of acidification in the process of fermentation. Considering unique acid-tolerant ability of the acidophiles, if the acid-tolerant module from the acidophiles can get and applied to the neutral engineering strains, perhaps the acid-tolerant engineering strains could be built. Therefore, the common mechanisms for acid tolerance in acidophiles, including cell membrane stability and low permeability, energetic metabolism with acid tolerance, repair or protection of macromolecules and cytoplasmic buffering were overviewed, with a view to make some contributions for synthetic biology of acid-tolerant engineering strains.