山苍子生长经济性状遗传变异分析及优良家系选择

Genetic variation analysis of growth and economic characteristics and superior family selection in Litsea cubeba

为选择生长经济性状优良的山苍子家系,对6个种源共13个6年生家系的树高、胸径、冠幅、枝下高和分枝数5个生长性状进行遗传参数估算;同时,测定各家系的单株产量、果实含油率和精油化学成分,并对生长性状和经济性状进行相关分析。结果表明,生长性状、单株产量和含油率在家系间存在丰富的遗传变异,有着良好的选择基础。13个家系的精油共检测出60种化合物组分,主要成分为香叶醛、橙花醛和D-柠檬烯;大部分化合物含量在家系间变异丰富,选择潜力较大。相关分析显示,5个生长性状均与精油中1种或几种成分的含量达到显著或极显著相关水平,表明生长性状可以作为山苍子精油某些成分的间接选择指标,其中分枝数与柠檬醛含量呈极显著负相关(r=-0.653),较适合作为精油柠檬醛含量的间接选择性状,胸径与单株产量呈显著正相关(r=0.575),较适合作为单株产量的间接选择性状。通过单株产量与果实含油率的测定和聚类分析,并结合精油柠檬醛含量和生长性状,筛选出优良家系JO1,其经济性状和生长性状均表现优良,可以作为入选家系进行繁育。

In order to select Litsea cubeba families with superior growth and economic characteristics, genetic parameters of five growth characteristics of tree height （H）, diameter at breast height （DBH）, crown width （CW）, under branch height （BH） and branch number （BN） of 13 6-year-old L. cubeba families from 6 provenances were estimated. At the same time, yield per plant, oil content and chemical composition in essential oil were measured, and correlations between growth characteristics and economic characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that genetic variation of growth characteristics, yield per plant and oil content among families was abundant, and there was a good selection basis. A total of 60 compounds were detected in the essential oil of 13 families, and the main components were geraniol, neral and D-limonene. The content of most compounds had abundant variation and great selection potential. The results of correlation analysis showed that the 5 growth characteristics had significant or highly significant correlations with the contents of one or more components in the essential oil, that meant growth characteristics could be used as indirect selection indexes of some components in essential oil, of which BN was the suitable indirect selection of citral content with a highly significant negative correlation （r = - 0.653） between them, and CW was the suitable indirect selection of yield per plant with a significant positive correlation （r= 0.575） between them. By determination and cluster analysis of yield per plant and fruit oil content, as well as considering citral content in essential oil and growth characteristics, JO1 was selected as a superior family to breed, with good performances of both economic characteristics and growth characteristics.