湖南引种蓝莓叶片结构特征的比较及其耐旱性研究

Leaf structure characteristics and drought resistance of blueberry in Hunan Province

为给湖南省的蓝莓引种栽培提供参考依据,以湖南省蓝莓研究发展中心引种的蓝莓为试验材料,采用常规石蜡制片技术和叶表皮离析法,对26个蓝莓品种叶片的解剖结构和气孔特征进行了观察,对其叶片、上下表皮、角质层和主脉的厚度和气孔的长度与密度等13个与其抗旱性相关的参数进行了观测,并对不同品种的耐旱能力进行了比较分析。结果表明:26个蓝莓品种其叶片的各个结构参数间均存在极显著差异(P<0.01),其中,气孔密度的变异系数最大,下表皮厚度的变异系数最小。应用聚类分析方法筛选出的角质层厚度、下表皮厚度、栅栏/海绵比值、气孔长度和气孔密度等5个参数均可作为评判叶片耐旱性的主要因子,采用隶属函数法综合评判得出,耐旱能力较强的蓝莓品种有‘蓝源’‘瑞卡’‘灿烂’‘爱国者’‘美登’和‘伯克利’。

In order to provide some references for introduction and cultivation of blueberry in Hunan Province, using introducted blueberry in Hunan as materials, leaf anatomical structure and stomatal characteristics of 26 blueberry cultivars were observed by conventional paraffin sectioning and epidermis separation method, and 13 parameters related to drought resistance were analyzed, including leaf thickness, epidermis thickness, cuticle thickness, main vein thickness, length and density of stomata, and so on. The results showed that the structural parameters of leaf among 26 blueberry cultivars had significant differences （P 〈 0.01）, of which the density of stomatol varied most and the thickness of lower epidermis varied least. The 5 parameters of cuticle thickness, lower epidermis thickness, ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue, stomata length and stomata density were selected as the main factors of drought tolerance by using cluster analysis method, and the comprehensive evaluation was made by subordinate function analysis. Among the 26 eultivars of blueberry, the cultivars with the strongest drought-resistance were ＇Bluesouth＇, ＇Reka＇, ＇Brightwell＇, ＇Patriot＇, ＇Blomidon＇ and ＇Berkeley＇.