光照强度对贵州兔眼蓝莓果实品质的影响

Effects of light intensity on fruit quality of rabbiteye blueberry in Guizhou

为了解光照强度对贵州兔眼蓝莓果实品质的影响,选取粉蓝(Powderblue)、灿烂(Britewell)、芭尔德温(Baldwin)、梯芙蓝(Tifblue)4个品种进行野外试验,试验设置了100%、80%、60%、40%全光照4种不同光照处理,并测定在不同光照处理下不同品种蓝莓果实品质变化。结果表明:(1)轻、中度遮阴增大了粉蓝和芭尔德温的果实质量和体积,却减小了梯芙蓝和灿烂的果实质量和体积;(2)在自然光照条件下4个品种可溶性蛋白含量基本相同,都在2.13 mg/g左右;遮阴降低了蓝莓果实中可溶性蛋白含量,其中芭尔德温降低幅度最大,梯芙蓝降低幅度最小;遮阴显著降低了各品种果实中可溶性糖含量;(3)各品种总酚物质、类黄酮、花青素、维生素C含量整体上都随光照强度的减弱而降低;在100%全光照条件下,粉蓝和梯芙蓝总酚物质、类黄酮和花青素含量明显高于其余品种,芭尔德温维生素C含量最高。综上所述,遮阴显著降低了蓝莓果实的营养和保健价值,不同品种间蓝莓果实对光照强度的需求和适应能力也表现出明显的差异,建议在生产栽培中要保证蓝莓树体光照充足,以促进果实的生长和品质的提高。

In order to understand effects of light intensity on fruit quality of rabbiteye blueberry in Guizhou, selecting four cultivars of Powderblue, Britewell, Baldwin, Tifblue to do field experiments. The experiment setted up four kinds of light intensity treatments of 100%, 80%, 60% and 40% full sunlight, and fruit quality of different cultivars of blueberry were determined. The results showed that： （1） Low and moderate shade increased fruit mass and volume of Powderblue and Baldwin, and reduced fruit mass and volume of Tifblue and Britewell. （2） Soluble protein contents of four cultivars were almost the same in natural light condition, about 2.13 mg/g. The shade treatments significantly reduced soluble protein contents in blueberry fruits, and reduction range of Baldwin was the largest and that of Tifblue drop was the smallest. The shade treatments significantly reduced soluble sugar contents in different cultivars of fruits. （3） With decrease of light intensity, contents of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanin and vitamine C of all cultivars reduced on the whole. In the 100% full sunlight condition, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanin in fruits of Powerblue and Tifblue were obviously higher than those of the other cultivars, and vitamine C content in Baldwin fruits was the highest. In conclusion, the shade treatments significantly reduced valuations of nutrition and health care of blueberry fruits. Demand for light intensity and adaptability of fruits also showed obvious differences between different cultivars of blueberries. So it was need to ensure enough light for promote growth and quality of blueberry fruits in production and cultivation.