扁桃内果皮发育的组织解剖学观察

Tissue anatomical observation of almond endocarp development

为研究扁桃内果皮发育过程的组织形态结构及其差异,从而为扁桃选育优良品种提供理论依据。以极薄壳品种‘纸皮’扁桃和极厚壳品种‘长石头’扁桃为试材,采用石蜡切片法和间苯三酚浸染法进行解剖。结果表明:‘长石头’扁桃内果皮快速发育期开始于花后10 d,中内果皮界限明显,‘纸皮’扁桃内果皮快速发育期开始于花后25 d。‘纸皮’扁桃内果皮细胞直径与其内维管束周边细胞直径大小有明显差异,而‘长石头’扁桃无此特征;‘纸皮’扁桃内果皮从内至外进行木质化,‘长石头’扁桃内果皮从两侧向中间进行木质化。‘纸皮’扁桃的整个内果皮发育的过程约为75 d,‘长石头’扁桃的整个内果皮发育的过程约为90 d,‘长石头’扁桃开始发育比‘纸皮’扁桃早,‘长石头’扁桃内果皮基本形成比‘纸皮’扁桃晚15 d。扁桃内果皮细胞的发育分为内果皮发育前期、内果皮快速发育期、内果皮基本形成期,但薄、厚壳扁桃间内果皮发育的时间、细胞的结构、内果皮木质化的方式均存在差异。

In order to provide some theoretical basises for selection of good cultivars of almond in the future, using a very thin-shell eultivar of ＇Zhipi＇ and very thick-shell cultivar of ＇Changshitou＇ as tested materials, morphological structure and differences of development process of almond endocarp were researched by using the method of paraffin section and phloroglucin staining for anatomy. The results showed that endocarp rapid development in ＇Changshitou＇ began at the 10th day after flowering, border of mesocarp and endoearp was distinct, and endocarp rapid development in ＇Zhipi＇ began at the 25th day after flowering. Diameter of endoearp cell in ＇Zhipi＇ had obvious difference with that of ceils around vascular bundle in it, and ＇Changshitou＇ had not the feature. Endocarp lignification in ＇Zhipi＇ was from inside to outside, and that in ＇Changshitou＇ was from both sides to middle. Whole endocarp development process in ＇Zhipi＇ lasted about 75 days, and that in ＇Changshitou＇ was about 90 days. Time of ＇Changshitou＇ began develop was earlier than that of ＇Zhipi＇, and endoearp formation in ＇Changshitou＇ was later 15 days than that in ＇Zhipi＇. Endocarp development in almond was divided into early development period, rapid development period and basic formation period, But development time, cell structure and lignification way of endocarp were different between thin-shell and thick-shell almond.