黄土丘陵区贫困农户生计资本空间特征及影响因素——以甘肃省榆中县为例

Spatial Characteristics of Livelihood Assets of Poor Farmers and Its Influential Factors in Loess Hilly Region——A Case Study of Yuzhong County,Gansu Province

贫困农户生计问题是区域可持续发展面临的主要问题。黄土丘陵区生态环境恶劣,社会经济发展水平低,贫困农户的生计问题不仅关系到其切身利益,也关系到国家实施扶贫政策的效果。文章构建了黄土丘陵区县域贫困农户生计资本的评价指标体系,基于2016年完成的甘肃省榆中县2 300个农户的调查数据,利用聚类分析法与空间相关性分析法,分析了该县各乡镇贫困农户的生计资本聚集类型与分布特征,进而利用地理加权回归模型(GWR)分析了生计资本空间分布的影响因素。结果表明:(1)榆中县中部川区的各乡镇的总体生计资本状况较好,而北部山区和南部山区各乡镇的农户生计资本总体呈匮乏状况;(2)县域农户生计资本之间存在着一定空间关联性与依赖性,空间差异明显,表现出高高(HH)集聚、低低(LL)集聚两种集聚类型;(3)在7个GWR解释变量中,人口密度与农户生计资本总量之间呈负相关性,蔬菜总产量、路网密度、降水、气温、人均GDP和粮食总产量与生计资本总量之间呈正相关性,蔬菜总产量和路网密度是对农户生计资本影响最大的2个因素。最后,对提升和改善该类型区域贫困农户生计状况提出了相应的政策建议。

The problem of farmer＇s poverty and livelihood are the important issue in loess hilly areas because of it＇s poor ecological environment, low level of social and economic development. Based on the survey data of 2300 farmers in Yuzhong County, this paper establishes the evaluation index system of the livelihood of the farmers according to the socio-economic characteristics of the region. Using the cluster analysis method and the spatial correlation analysis method to calculates the level of livelihood capital of 23 township farmers in Yuzhong, determines the type of livelihood capital in different areas of the county, analyzes the types and distribution characteristics of the livelihood capital of the poor farmers in the county. Geographic Weighted Regression Model （GWR） was used to analyze the influencing factors of spatial distribution of livelihood capital. The results show that the overall living capital of the villages and towns in the middle area of Yuzhong county is better, while the living capital of the rural households in the northern mountainous areas and the southern mountainous areas is deficient. There is a certain spatial correlation and dependency between the livelihood capital of each township in Yuzhong, which has obvious spatial pattern characteristics. High-high （HH） and low-low （LL） aggregations two types are shown in the region. The results of GWR analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between population density and total household livelihoods. Meanwhile it＇s has a positive correlation between total vegetable production, road network density, precipitation, temperature, per capita GDP, total grain output and total livelihood capital. The total output of vegetables and the density of road network have the greatest impact on the livelihood of farmers. Therefore, aiming at the characteristics of the livelihood capital of the farmers in Yuzhong and combining with the natural, economic and social characteristics of the loess hilly region, some countermeasures to improve the livelihood of the farmers are put forward.